This paper examines selected issues regarding cultural resource management as a means of exploring the effectiveness of World Heritage listing. The Tsodilo Hills in the northwest Of Botswana provide a useful case study for questioning the success or failure of World Heritage listing in the country. A key argument is that it is necessary to conduct additional consultation and public awareness programs to ensure a greater level of protection of the site. It is further argued that some aspects of intangible heritage management have a key bearing on understanding the conservation and management of the site. While the World Heritage listing is helpful to the government of Botswana, its benefits to the local community have not yet been realized. This has resulted in the community's dissatisfaction with the management of the site.