When human makes reflections on the result of "cultural evolution", "primitivity" as a new concept of value, is becoming a hot topic of modern people. It has been a systematic project of the grand strategy of "developing a country by culture" to discover, protect and re-value the "primitive" folk culture. "Yi Gou Gou" is a small folk opera, popular in the Northwest region of Shandong Province, and has a history more than two hundred years. In 2006, it was appointed as national nonmaterial cultural heritage. This paper made discussion on the origin and inheritance, types and characteristics, regional influence and protection and discovery of "Yi Gou Gou" based on its background of regional history and culture, through interviewing the inheritor of "Yi Gou Gou" and visiting the program rehearsal and discovering and arranging firsthand information.